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South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state located in the southern central part of Australia. It encompasses a total land area of 984,321 square kilometres (380,048 square miles) and has a population of 1.9 million. South Australia shares borders with all the other mainland states of Australia.
The majority of its population resides in the greater metropolitan area of the city of Adelaide, while most of the remaining inhabitants are settled in fertile regions along the south-eastern coast and the River Murray.
The state's colonial origins are unique within Australia, as it was established as a freely settled as a planned British province, rather than a convict settlement, which is the case with other Australian states. Colonial governance commenced on 28 December 1836.
Similar to the rest of the continent, the region has a long history of human occupation by numerous indigenous tribes and languages. The colonial objective was to establish the province as a centre of civilisation for free immigrants, offering civil liberties and religious tolerance.
Despite periods of economic hardship throughout its history, South Australia has remained politically innovative and culturally vibrant. Today, it is renowned for its fine wine and numerous cultural festivals. The state's economy is predominantly driven by the agricultural, manufacturing, mining industries and tourism. The state is a leader in renewable energy and eco-tourism. It also has a rich maritime history and is known for its commitment to social inclusion.